Banking Careers Overview: The concept behind banking is deceptively simple. Take in deposits from people or businesses with excess funds. Lend the money to people who need funds. Pay the depositors less interest than what you charge the borrowers. Turn a profit on the "spread" between the rates on deposits and the rates on loans.One of the more important banking jobs is that of a loan officer, who reviews applications for loans and decide whether to grant them and, if so, on what terms. Large banks also devote considerable resources to credit analysis, developing predictive models and scoring systems to assess the risk that a particular borrower may default (that is, fail to pay back the loan). Thus, people with strong quantitative backgrounds are normally in demand at major banks. For people with an orientation towards sales and client service, larger banks also have relationship managers who serve the needs of the most important clients.