There is great variety in the design
of packaging machines. Among the factors
that influence design
are the specific
features of the manufacturing
process and the
properties and dimensions
of the goods. The
unit load consists
of a stack of individual items that have been collected in sequence
in accordance with the load-sorting plan,
which determines the
relative positions of the items. Further
development of the design of packaging machines
has been based
on matching the dimensions
of packaging materials to those of the as-yet-unpackaged
goods and on considerations
of the size, shape,
and weight of the
unit loads. Such
standardization makes it possible to select the
optimal industrial methods for machine
packaging, which is,
in turn, a prerequisite for the design
of unified and universal
packaging machines. The first packaging
machines appeared in the USSR and abroad during the
1940’s.
Packaging machines are used for the assembly of unit
loads from sheet
goods, from bulk
goods in sacks, and
from individual items
in the metallurgical, printing, and wood-products
industries. Such machines
may be designed to assemble unit loads
horizontally, vertically, or in a
manner that combines
horizontal and vertical
operations. In machines designed for horizontal
operation, the goods
from the conveyor
belt, guided by the
distributor in accordance with the work plan, are conveyed
into the collector.
There the goods
form a layer, which
is moved by the carriage
of a twin-chain conveyor to the flaps of the
stacking device. The
flaps are then
opened, the layer
of goods is lowered onto the pallet,
and the stacking
device is readied to receive the next
layer. After the
last layer is stacked,
the load proceeds
to the delivery conveyor
and from there
to the exit conveyor.
The distributor makes
it possible to carry out sequential sorting
of items of various standard sizes according
to a variety of programs by making the required
adjustments in the control system. For more details visit
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