Machine tool, power-operated tool used for finishing or
shaping metal parts, especially parts of other machines. An establishment that
is equipped with such tools and specializes in such work is known as a machine
shop. Machine tools operate by removing material from the workpiece, much as a
sculptor works. Basic machining operations are: turning, the shaping of a piece
having a cylindrical or conical external contour; facing, the shaping of a flat
circular surface; milling, the shaping of a flat or contoured surface; drilling,
the formation of a cylindrical hole in a workpiece; boring, the finishing of an
existing cylindrical hole, as one formed by drilling; broaching, the production of a desired contour
in a surface; threading, the cutting of an external screw thread; and tapping,
the cutting of an internal screw thread. In addition there are operations such
as sawing, grinding, gear cutting, polishing, buffing, and honing. The tools
themselves vary in size from hand-held devices that can be used for drilling
and grinding to large stationary tools that perform a number of operations.
Many machine tools have a name that indicates their principal function, e.g.,
drill press, broach machine, milling machine, and jig borer. The lathe can
perform turning, facing, threading, drilling, and other operations. In order to
withstand the great heat that this work generates, the materials used in
machine tools must be extremely hard and durable. Thus, their working surfaces
are made of such substances as high-speed steels, sintered carbides, and
diamonds. For more details visit our web
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